细胞微环境在微流控中的研究应用

       一、细胞微环境介绍
　　细胞微环境是一个由一系列因素组成的时空可变的复杂集合。但传统的研究方法很难在体外实现对这些参数的模拟和精确控制。为了克服传统方法中的不足，亟需构建一种新的研究系统用于模拟细胞在体环境。
　　
  细胞微环境的动态平衡是保证细胞正常增殖、分化、代谢和功能活动的重要条件。微环境发生任何改变，细胞就会随之发生相应的变化，因此胚胎发育、组织修复、肿瘤发生等生理病理过程，都是由细胞与其微环境的相互作用引起的。  

　　二、微流控芯片在细胞微环境中的优势
　　
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  Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} 微流控芯片的基本特征和是：多种单元技术在整体可控的微小平台上灵活组合、规模集成。正是其整体可控和规模集成的特点使其成为细胞研究的重要平台。因此，微流控芯片能通过对微流体的控制，模拟体内的脉管系统，为细胞传输培养基、缓冲液、空气等，同时也能将细胞的代谢废物排出，还能控制细胞培养微环境中的生化、物理参数；同时微流控芯片还能够通过整合入微泵、微阀、微传感器等各种微元件，在微通道内进行样品混合、缓冲液更新，以及细胞接种、转移、分离等级联事件。 微流控技术可为细胞微环境的体外构建提供技术可能。
　　
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　　三、微流控芯片在细胞微环境体中的应用
　　
  Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} 微流控芯片不仅可以为细胞的体外生长提供一个近似在体的微环境，同时还可以精确控制微环境中的具体参数，实时监控细胞的行为响应。 此外还可以实现微流控通道内细胞外基质材料物理性质的控制，以考察基质材料的理化性能对细胞的影响。
　　
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　　四、总结及展望
　　随着微流控技术在细胞生物学中的应用，为细胞的体外研究开拓了新的研究领域，使细胞微环境的体外再现成为可能，为细胞与微环境相互作用的研究提供了的技术平台。但目前微流技术在细胞生物学领域中的应用还处于相对发展阶段，还有许多技术瓶颈问题尚待解决。 随着这些问题的解决，微流控芯片不仅可以为生命科学研究提供的技术平台，而且还将开发为应用产品用于药物的筛选和疾病的诊断等领域。
　　
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