电子鼻顶空分析粪便挥发性有机物诊断胃肠道疾病
Diagnosing gastrointestinal illnesses using fecal headspace volatile organic compounds顶空分析粪便挥发性有机物诊断胃肠道疾病
Daniel K Chan, Cadman L Leggett, Kenneth K Wang
Abstract Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from stool are the components of the smell of stool representing the end products of microbial activity and metabolism that can be used to diagnose disease. Despite the abundance of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane that have already been identified in human flatus, the small portion of trace gases making up the VOCs emitted from stool include organic acids, alcohols, esters, heterocyclic compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and alkanes, among others. These are the gases that vary among individuals in sickness and in health, in dietary changes, and in gut microbial activity. Electronicnose devices are analytical and pattern recognition platforms that can utilize mass spectrometry or electrochemical sensors to detect these VOCs in gas samples. When paired with machine-learning and pattern recognition algorithms, this can identify patterns of VOCs, and thus patterns of smell, that can be used to identify disease states. In this review, we provide a clinical background of VOC identification, electronicnose development, and review gastroenterology applications toward diagnosing disease by the volatile headspace analysis of stool.
从粪便中释放的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 是粪便气味的组成部分,代表微生物活性和代谢的最终产物,可用于诊断疾病。尽管人类已经发现了大量的氢、二氧化碳和甲烷,但粪便中排放的微量气体中,有一小部分包括有机酸、酒精、酯类、杂环状化合物、醛、酮,和烷,等等。这些气体在疾病和健康、饮食变化和肠道微生物活性方面因人而异。电子鼻是分析和模式识别平台,可以利用质谱或电化学传感器检测气体样品中的 VOC。当与机器学习和模式识别算法配对时,这可以识别 VOC 的模式,从而识别可用于识别疾病状态的嗅觉模式。在本综述中,我们提供 VOC 鉴定、电子鼻开发以及胃肠病学应用的临床背景,以顶空分析诊断挥发性疾病。
Keywords: Electronic nose; Volatile organic compounds; Feces; Mass spectrometry; Odors
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